iran afghanistan carte

- Soviet Union. Afghanistan L'Afghanistan est un pays d' Asie ... Limitrophes : Chine, Iran, Ouzbékistan, Pakistan, Tadjikistan et Turkménistan; Latitude du centre. Afghanistan–Iran relations were established in 1935 during King Zahir Shah's reign and the Shah of Iran Reza Shah Pahlavi, though ties between the two countries have existed for millennia.As a result, many Afghans speak Persian, while Dari (an eastern dialect of Persian) is one of the official languages of Afghanistan and many in Afghanistan also celebrate Nowruz, the Persian New Year. Philip B. Kunhardt Jr., Philip B. Kunhardt III, and Peter W. Kunhardt. The scene was the Oval Office. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987. Gordon, Irving L. American History, 2nd Edition. From: The Century atlas of the world, 1897. John M. Blum, Edmund S. Morgan, Willie Lee Rose, Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., Kenneth M. Stampp, and C. Vann Woodward. Morison. Includes index. The militants demanded a return of the shah in exchange for the hostages. Relief shown by hachures. "本圖ハ 千九百四十年 蘇聯内務人民委員部附属測量總局出版圖ヲ飜譯透寫製版セルモノナリ"--Right bottom corner of the map. Les pays voisins de l’Afghanistan sont le Pakistan, l’Iran, le Turkménistan, l’Ouzbékistan, le Tadjikistan et la Chine. Cartes historiques et politiques d'Iran et Afghanistan. Jimmy Carter had come back to the Oval Office from a "working weekend" at Camp David that Sunday, January 18. L'Iran est un des pays les plus montagneux du monde. L'Afghanistan, situé en Asie centrale, est dominé par le massif de l'Hindukush.Plus de 100 sommets dépassent les 6 000 mètres, le plus haut étant le Naochak dans le Pamir à presque 7 500 mètres. La conversion à l’islam est progressive jusqu’au IX e siècle. Persia (Iran), Afghanistan and Baluchistan. Includes index. This map, published in Paris in 1842, shows the Asian provinces of the Ottoman Empire, Persia (present-day Iran), Afghanistan, and the Arabian Peninsula. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. XLVL, Stieler's Hand-Atlas (no. République islamique d'Iran, l'administration intérimaire d'Afghanistan et le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés. Manchester, William. La conquête musulmane de la Perse commence en 637, avec 'Umar. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1969. Washington, DC: The White House Historical Association, 1986. La carte de l’Afghanistanci-dessous permet de se r… Carter had already talked to personnel at the U. S. military hospital in Wiesbaden, West Germany, where the hostages would stay for a few days before "re-entry" into the United States. The National Experience, A History of the United States, 5th Edition. Samuel Eliot. The map appeared in Atlas universel de géographie ancienne et moderne (Universal atlas of ancient and modern geography) by the cartographer and engraver Pierre M. Lapie (1779–1850). Actuellement la population Afghane se chiffre à 38 928 346 habitants avec un taux annuel d’accroissement démographique de 2,34%. The government of Iran, now involved in a war with neighboring Iraq, was desperate for money and therefore seemed willing to release the hostages.10 The Iranians refused to communicate directly with the president, or any other American, so Algeria had agreed to act as an intermediary. Dallek, Robert. American History, A Survey. New York: Bantam Books, 1990. Iran : le système Helmand-Farah Roud-Sistan se termine partiellement dans le Sistan iranien. Available also through the Library of Congress web site as a raster image. Prime meridian: Washington, D.C. Lapie was a member of the corps of … A New History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. This meant that once it got dark in Iran (about 9:30 a.m. Washington time), even if the deal had been sealed, the Algerian pilots would not take off until dawn. Chiffre manuscrit dans un des coins. In upper right corner: No. Une représentation schématique d'une région de la terre ou de la mer montrant les caractéristiques, les villes, les routes, etc. Après avoir occupé Ctésiphon, capitale de l’empire, les musulmans battent l’armée sassanide à Nahavand en 641-642. At head of title: Rand, McNally & Co.'s indexed atlas of the world. He was close, very close, and as he said, "At stake were the lives of 52 precious human beings who had been imprisoned in Iran for 444 days–and almost 12 billion dollars of Iranian assets." Mazar-e-Charif. At 4:44 a.m. Carter went to the press briefing room to announce that with the help of Algeria the United States and Iran had reached an agreement.13 Certain "implementation" steps in the agreement needed to be settled, and the hostages would be free. This arrangement slowed down the negotiating process. L’Iran est ensuite rapidement conquis. 1979 Est. Persia, Afghanistan, Baluchistan and parts of central Asia. L'Iran est un pays d'Asie de sud ouest, dans la zone de Moyen-Orient, situé entre le golfe Persique… Iran sur le site Mapcarta, la carte ouverte. Because of the war with Iraq, the Iranian officials had blackouts of airport lights. It was very likely that I had been defeated and would soon leave office as President because I had kept these hostages and their fate at the forefront of the world’s attention, and had clung to a cautious and prudent policy in order to protect their lives during the preceding fourteen months. Le Khorassan-e Razavi (29), au nord-est du pays, dont la capitale est Mashhad, est la deuxième province la plus peuplée avec près de 6 000 000 habitants [3]. Relief shown by hachures. Les meilleures offres pour IRAN Afghanistan CARTE ATLAS Cyrillic MAP 1963 sont sur eBay Comparez les prix et les spécificités des produits neufs et d'occasion Pleins d'articles en livraison gratuite! "Engraved by J. For that long, the United States had provided political support and, more recently, massive military assistance to the government of the shah of Iran. Illustration à propos Apparence 1875 moyenne de région Iran Irak de carte est antique de l'Afghanistan. Carte des barrières de séparation dans le monde, construites ou en construction. Population de l’Afghanistan . In this special episode of The 1600 Sessions, we turn the tables on our podcast’s usual format. 2002). •Gallica (Bibliothèque nationale de France) : cartes anciennes de l'Afghanistan • Théâtre de la guerre en Afghanistan, d'après la carte de l'état-major russe (1878) • Afghanistan (1882) • Afghanistan par Alfred Koch, d'après les documents anglais, russes et allemands (1886) • Afghanistan par Henry Edward Thuillier, Survey of India Office (1889) Asie. President Carter said the United States would comply. Kaboul: Région. In April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in New York City. President Carter announces sanctions against Iran in the White House Press Room. Any question or proposal of mine had to be translated twice as it went from Washington to Algiers to Tehran, and then the answers and counterproposals had to come back to me over the same slow route. What is the Resolute Desk and where did it come from? Asie centrale. Jordan, Hamilton. Ses montagnes ont contribué à former à la fois l'histoire politique et économique du pays depuis des siècles. Volume 1. Bourne, Peter G. Jimmy Carter. Les provinces d'Iran ... s'étend à l'est en zone montagneuse près de la frontière avec l'Afghanistan. Women’s Suffrage and the White House. 1. Someone popped a bottle of champagne. Mazar-e-Charif: مزارشريف 103 372: 300 600: 693 000 (?) Carter’s popularity plunged to 20 percent, even lower than Nixon’s during the Watergate scandal.7. The stability of the country, though, was being threatened by a religious fanatic, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who did not like the shah’s efforts to modernize and Westernize a fiercely religious, fundamentalist society. Ci-dessous un extrait traitant le sujet : L'Iran et l'Afghanistan (cartes, géographie, industrie, agriculture, exportation, etc.) Available also through the Library of Congress web site as a raster image. Kaboul: كابل 913 164: 2 536 300: 3 543 700: Kaboul: 2. Based on: "Iran i Afganistan" by Soviet Union, Glavnoe upravlenie geodezii i kartografii, 1940. He told Christopher to warn the Algerians that the Carter presidency would end the next day at noon. Prime meridian: Washington, D.C. At head of sheet: Rand McNally & Co.'s map of Asia and Europe. vieille, carte, iran, afghanistan, pakistan, oeil, … Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream. Hours passed, and still no word came that the problem had been resolved. In upper right corner: National atlas, 25. Dans le corridor du Wakhan, le Nowshak Peak s’élève à 7 485 mètres au-dessus du niveau de la mer. Balkh: 5. Up until this crisis, few Americans seemed aware of the deep resentments that many Iranian people continued to harbor toward the United States, a country they considered a symbol of Western intrusion into their society.4 Part of the problem stemmed from the desire of the shah, in October 1979, to come to New York City for cancer treatment. In his memoir, Keeping Faith, he explained: Of course, their lives, safety, and freedom were the paramount considerations, but there was more to it. The president hoped to greet them there before his term was out. Géographie. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 1994. Glavnoe Upravlenie Geodezii I Kartografii. LC copy has "南滿洲鐵道株式會社東京支社圖書印" stamped. New York: Bantam, 1982. Then Rosalyn came to the door, and said, "Jimmy, the Reagans will be here in fifteen minutes. Reeves, Richard. Now the clock was ticking inexorably toward the last moment of Carter’s time in office. Carte générale du royaume de Perse et du royaume de Caboul ou Afghanistan Année 1827 Circa Non Technique Gravure en taille douce Largeur (en cm) 42 Longueur (en cm) 60 Auteur(s) Vivien Graveur Giraldon-Bovinet Éditeur Ménard et Desenne Références spécifiques LC copy has "WDC 240304" written. Iran und Turan : Persien, Afghanistan, Biludschistan, Turkestan : eine geographische Skizze, Das Hochland von Iran enthaltend die Staaten von Persien, Afghanistan und Beludschistan, Geography and Map Reading Room, Guide to the Collections. 43b) From: Hand-atlas über alle Theile der Erde ... / Hrsg. Available also through the Library of Congress web site as a raster image. Financier and philanthropist Da... What are some interesting facts about presidents and first ladies? Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath and Company, 1979. Les montagnes couvrent les trois quarts de l’Afghanistan. Kaboul. 19 novembre 2020 • Australie - Afghanistan • Rapport sur les crimes de guerre commis par les forces spéciales en Afghanistan. Carte Pakistan - Carte et plan détaillé Pakistan Vous recherchez la carte ou le plan Pakistan et de ses environs ? Available also through the Library of Congress web site as a raster image. Before God and my fellow citizens, I wanted to exert every ounce of my strength and ability during these last few days to achieve their liberation.9. Carter approved a hostage rescue mission by an elite paramilitary unit, the American commandos led by Colonel Charles Beckwith.6 It was a dismal failure. Afghanistan - Islamic Republic of Afghanistan The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is a landlocked country located at the heart of Asia. Cette carte du Moyen-Orient, initialement imprimée en août 1950 et révisée en février 1955, fut publiée par le Centre d'informations et de cartographie aéronautique, le Service de photographie et de cartographie aériennes, et le Service de transport aérien militaire (MATS) de l'armée de l'air américaine. The abortive mission seemed to many Americans a symbol of U.S. military weakness in the post-Vietnam era. Cette carte du Moyen-Orient, initialement imprimée en août 1950 et révisée en février 1955, fut publiée par le Centre d'informations et de cartographie aéronautique, le Service de photographie et de cartographie aériennes, et le Service de transport aérien militaire (MATS) de l'armée de l'air américaine. Pious, Richard M. The Young Oxford Companion to the Presidency of the United States. Blum, John M., Edmund S. Morgan, Willie Lee Rose, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Kenneth M. Stampp, and C. Vann Woodward. L’importante chaîne de l’Hindu Kush commence du massif du Pamir au nord-est et s’étend vers l’ouest du pays. 2015 Province; 1. Carte vierge de l’Iran Drapeau de l’Iran Erratum : le nom de province iranienne est Ahvaz et non Avhâz comme c’est précisé sur la carte (merci à Monsieur B. pour son signalement). Only a few small details were to be ironed out. Aiken, Jonathan. Trouvez l’adresse qui vous intéresse sur la carte Pakistan ou préparez un calcul d'itinéraire à partir de ou vers Pakistan, trouvez tous les sites touristiques et les restaurants du Guide Michelin dans ou à proximité de Pakistan. Every force within the government that Carter controlled was poised to accomplish the mission, and now it seemed possible. Prime meridian: Ferro. At 7:45 a.m., with messages still coming in fast and furious, Rosalyn Carter brought her husband a razor, telling him, "You need a shave." In upper right corner: Neue Ausgabe no. Running title in margin: Rand, McNally & Company's indexed atlas of the world. (16) Les Hazaras constituent un peuple d’Afghanistan, également présent dans une moindre mesure au Pakistan, en Iran et au Tadjikistan. "This is the 325th day of the Iranian hostage crisis," the journalists would say, and on and on it went. Cette carte de l’Afghanistan permet de localiser et quantifier les activités des Taliban et de Daech en 2016-2017. President Ronald Reagan got the word at an inaugural luncheon. 2260 mètres (7415 pieds) Capital. In right margin: Indexed atlas of the world, [Persia, etc.] 1811 - Iran Turkmenistan Afghanistan map Karte Asien gravure carte engraving | Antiques, Maps, Atlases & Globes, Asia Maps | eBay! Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1978. envoyés par l’Iran en Syrie pour défendre le régime de Bachar Al-Assad. Also available in digital form on the Library of Congress Website. Relief shown by shading and spot heights. Based on: "Iran i Afganistan" by Soviet Union, Glavnoe upravlenie geodezii i kartografii, 1940. Rikuchi Sokuryōbu. Justus Perthes (Firm : Gotha, Germany) - Berghaus, Heinrich Karl Wilhelm. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. On trouve des Tadjiks en Afghanistan, mais aussi au Tadjikistan, en Ouzbékistan, au Kazakhstan, en Iran et en Chine, pour un total de quelque 11 millions de personnes, dont sept en Afghanistan. Turner said he wasn’t sure he knew.3 In the beginning, the Carter administration made some effort to establish a relationship with the new government, but by late 1979 it seemed futile. Several military helicopters broke down in the desert, and eight commandos died when two aircraft collided during the hasty retreat. Hamilton Jordan, White House chief of staff, asked the president if he had to go to the inauguration. Selon une entente signée entre l'Iran, l'IIAA et le HCR, les VFR dûment remplis par le HCR constituent [traduction] « des pièces d'identité et des titres de voyage valides pour revenir en Afghanistan » (République islamique d'Iran et al. Voir toutes les cartes Le pays se remet difficilement et lentement de plusieurs décennies de guerres. Address Before a Joint Session of Congress, November 27, 1963. www.lbjlib.utexas.edu. REPORTAGE - Au moins 3000 personnes transitent illégalement chaque jour entre les deux pays. En Persan, Le monde iranien est appelé Iranzamin (ایران‌زمین), ce qui signifie « La terre d'Iran ». Thus, if the departure time passed, everyone understood that it would be another eight to ten hours before anything could happen. Available also through the Library of Congress web site as a raster image. Superficie. New York: Berkley Books, 1982. Bookseller Inventory # 726772 Keeping Faith, Memoirs of a President. Except for a few breaks, he remained in that office until fifteen minutes before the Reagans arrived to begin the inaugural ceremonies. "本圖ハ 千九百四十年 蘇聯内務人民委員部附属測量總局出版圖ヲ飜譯透寫製版セルモノナリ"--Right bottom corner of the map. Yazd, une ville de près d’un demi-million d’habitants, est située dans une région désertique du centre de l’Iran. Another difficulty concerned the time difference between Washington and Tehran. After the inauguration, a Secret Service agent pushed through the crowd at the U.S. Capitol to tell former president Jimmy Carter that at 12:33 p.m. the first plane carrying the hostages had taken off from Tehran, and the second one had left nine minutes later. Days later, on November 4, a mob of 3,000 militants invaded the American embassy in Tehran, taking sixty-six diplomats and military personnel as hostages. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991. Elle fait aussi apparaître les zones où surviennent peu d’attentats. In the meantime, despite the fact that the Carter administration had arranged for the shah to leave the United States for Panama, the crisis continued unabated. The Iranian hostage crisis contributed greatly to Jimmy Carter’s loss of the presidency in the 1980 election. ALFONEH Ali, «Non-Iranian Shiites paying the price in Aleppo», The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, PolicyWatch 2682, 31/08/2016 . Le taux de natalité au pays est de 3,83% et le taux de mortalité est de 1,37%. Gary Sick, who was on the National Security staff, recalled a meeting in which Vice President Walter Mondale asked the Central Intelligence Agency director Stansfield Turner, "What the hell is an ‘Ayatollah’ anyway." Fenton, Edwin, Editor. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. L’Iran a également exploré la carte jordanienne. 43b. Des vallées fluviales et de vastes plaines s’étendent des régions montagneuses du centre jusqu’aux déserts de l’ouest. Carte de l'Afghanistan. Afghanistan sur le site Mapcarta, la carte ouverte. The American President. Relief shown by hachures. Sick, Gary. Prime meridian: Washington, D.C. American diplomats in Iran met with the prime minister of the Ayatollah’s government to test reaction to the president’s decision. Now the bank would send word to Algiers by telex or phone, which would notify Iran. C'est une carte de l'Iran (Royaume de Perse) et de l'Afghanistan (Royaume de Caboul). Map of Persia, Afghanistan and Baluchistan. La longueur maximale de l’Afghanistan est d’environ 1 450 km, et sa largeur d’environ 725 km. Kunhardt Jr., Philip B., Philip B. Kunhardt III, and Peter W. Kunhardt. Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter celebrate the news that the hostages will be released just minutes before Carter's presidency ends. In just hours this president would leave it for good, and a new leader, Ronald Reagan, would move in. Illustration du antique, carte, iran - 858825 The Algerian negotiator sent word that the Iranian bank officials did not agree with the terms of accountability in the banking agreements. & C. 34° ou 34° nord: Longitude du centre. L’Afghanistan est bordé au nord par le Turkménistan, l’Ouzbékistan et le Tadjikistan, à l’extrême nord-est par la Chine, à l’est et au sud par le Pakistan, et à l’ouest par l’Iran. Relief shown in hachures. After months of negotiations the United States had agreed to release several billion dollars in Iranian gold and bank assets, frozen in American banks just after the seizure of the embassy. The Glory and the Dream. & C. Walker (Firm) - Standford, Edward. It seemed within reach. "8 The creation of the television program, Nightline, devoted strictly to discussion of the crisis, was a blatant reminder of Carter’s failure to secure the hostages’ release. The planes were returned to their standby position. Herat. Palestine, or, the Holy Land ; Persia, Afghanistan and Beluchistan. La carte MICHELIN Afghanistan: plans de ville, carte routière et carte touristique Afghanistan, avec les hôtels, les sites touristiques et les restaurants MICHELIN Afghanistan From: Atlas de Geographie, 1840. The beginnings of this crisis preceded Jimmy Carter’s term by almost thirty years. Per the agreement, Iran would move to "immediately bring about the safe departure of the 52 nationals detained in Iran. Hisatlas illustre le concept de frontière politique au moyen d'un vaste choix de cartes historiques et politiques depuis 1789, parfois même depuis des dates plus anciennes, jusqu'à l'époque actuelle. Rosalyn remembered that as she was leaving the Oval Office to go back upstairs, Jimmy answered one more call, and then yelled out for everyone to hear: "Flight 133 is loaded and ready for take-off." Time and Chance, Gerald Ford’s Appointment with History. Available also through the Library of Congress web site as a raster image. There was little informed understanding in the U.S. government about the political implications of this fundamentalist regime. situé en Asie, entre l'Irak, à l'ouest, et l'Afghanistan et le Pakistan, à l'est. Les cartes sont organisées par régions et par dates. 16. How was the location of the White House selected? 32 700 000 : Altitude. Every step was complete. Available also through the Library of Congress web site as a raster image. The United States had an enormous stake in keeping it stable and independent. The president switched from worrying about seeing the hostages before the end of the term, to worrying that the entire negotiation process could disintegrate. Ce document contient 1391 mots soit 3 pages.Pour le télécharger en entier, envoyez-nous un de vos documents grâce à notre système d’échange gratuit de ressources numériques ou achetez-le pour la modique somme d’un euro symbolique. Kandahâr: قندهار 178 409: 324 800: 557 100: Kandahâr: 4. US intelligence agencies assessed that Iran offered bounties to Taliban fighters for targeting American and coalition troops in Afghanistan, identifying payments linked to … Rang Transcription Persan Rec. Available also through the Library of Congress web site as a raster image. At 8:04 a.m., Algeria confirmed that the bank certification was complete, and the Algerians were notifying Iran. Autres pièces d'identité Superficie. Avec quelques défauts dus au temps et un peu d'humidité sur la périphérie de la feuille. 3 avr. Carter, Jimmy. Téhéran a ainsi proposé que la Jordanie puisse servir de médiateur dans la crise syrienne . The republic rejoiced! "11 Much of the money involved was being held in overseas branches of twelve American banks, so Carter, his cabinet, and staff were constantly on the phone to London, Istanbul, Bonn, and other world capitals to work out the financial details. Richard N.Current, T. Harry Williams, Frank Freidel, and Alan Brinkley. Work continued through a long night. Vieille carte d'impression, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, oeil de poissons. Finally, the phone call came through. John M.Blum, Edmund S. Morgan, Willie Lee Rose, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Kenneth M. Stampp, and C. Vann Woodward. 103. Une carte d’ Afghanistan ou un plan des villes est indispensable si vous décidez partir voyager. « How Iran recruited Afghan refugees to fights Assad’s war », The New York Times, 30/06/2017 . You will have to put on your morning clothes and greet them."16. Relief shown in hachures. Available also through the Library of Congress web site as a raster image. ont « tué illégalement » trente-neuf civils afghans, hors phases de combat, entre 2005 et 2016, époque à laquelle vingt-six mille soldats australiens, dont trois mille membres des forces spéciales, étaient engagés dans la coalition internationale. Ce document contient 1391 mots soit 3 pages.Pour le télécharger en entier, envoyez-nous un de vos documents grâce à notre système d’échange gratuit de ressources numériques ou achetez-le pour la modique somme d’un euro symbolique. President Kennedy: Profile of Power. Philip B. Kunhardt Jr., Philip B. Kunhardt III, and Peter W. Kunhardt. Glavnoe Upravlenie Geodezii I Kartografii. Iran was important because it provided oil to the industrial West and separated the Soviet Union from the Persian Gulf and the oil states. The Bank of England has certified that they hold $7.977 billion, the correct amount." That was it! Bailey, Thomas A. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. Thousands of Images covering the History of the White House, Official White House Ornaments, Books & More. "14, In the wee hours of Tuesday, January 20, came some promising news. From: Rand, McNally & Co. Atlas of the world, 1882, p. 183. Proche de l’Iran, l’Afghanistan redoute une explosion du coronavirus. The American Pageant, A History of the Republic. John M. Blum, Edmund S. Morgan, Willie Lee Rose, Arthur M. Schlesingers, Jr., Kenneth M. Stampp, and C. Vann Woodward. Standler, Robert B. Heckler’s Veto: "Marketplace of Ideas." New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993. Afghanistan L'Afghanistan est un pays d' Asie centrale sans accès à la mer, frontalier du Pakistan à l'est et au sud, de l' Iran à l'ouest, du Turkménistan au nord-ouest, de l' Ouzbékistan au nord, du Tadjikistan au nord-est et de la Chine à l'extrême nord-est via une minuscule frontière d'à peine 80 km. Available also through the Library of Congress web site as a raster image. par Joaquín de Salas Vara de Rey (3 cartes) Cependant, les pratiques alors en usage dans le pays donnent une assez bonne idée de la politique linguistique. In April 1980, after months of negotiations failed to result in the release of the hostages, the United States broke off diplomatic relations with Iran. Though deeply opposed to this U.S. move, the prime minister gave assurances that the Iranian government would protect the safety of diplomatic personnel in Tehran. Cette carte est 124 ans. Carte de la Perse (Iran) vers l’an 1000. At one time that last Sunday, Lloyd Cutler, one of the White House attorneys, told the president there was a delay in the transfer of assets–the Federal Reserve Bank of New York did not have its part of the money! physiques . L'Iran est un pays d' Asie de sud ouest, dans la zone de Moyen-Orient, situé entre le golfe Persique et la mer Caspienne, et frontalier de l' Iraq, de la Turquie, de l' Arménie, de l' Azerbaïdjan, du Turkménistan, de l' Afghanistan et du Pakistan. L’Arabie saoudite et l’Iran ont soutenu des camps adverses dans plusieurs conflits régionaux, de la Syrie au Yémen.

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