Erbil borders Turkey to the north and Iran to the east. Taxis and buses provide public transportation. The Department of Foreign Relations is mandated to promote the interests of the Kurdistan Region and its people in regard to relations with the international community, in accordance with the Region’s legislation and the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq. Erbil was an integral part of Assyria from around 2050 BC, becoming a relatively important city during the Old Assyrian Empire (1975–1750 BC), Middle Assyrian Empire (1365–1050 BC) and the Neo Assyrian Empire (935–605 BC), until the last of these empires fell between 612–599 BC. 879,000. Since then, archaeological research and restoration works have been carried out at and around the tell by various international teams and in co-operation with local specialists, and many areas remain off-limits to visitors due to the danger of unstable walls and infrastructure. For those interested in checking out popular landmarks while visiting Erbil, Grand Palace Hotel is located a short distance from Erbil Citadel (2.4 mi) and Erbil-Kurdistan (2.5 mi). Winters are usually wet and humid, with January being the wettest month.[49]. A new bus terminal was opened in 2014. The city was captured by the KDP in 1996 with the assistance of the Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein. After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, Arbela became part of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. B. James. Erbil History Erbil is the capital of the autonomous Kurdistan region of Iraq. [8] At the heart of the city is the ancient Citadel of Erbil and Mudhafaria Minaret. When it was fully occupied, the citadel was divided in three districts or mahallas: from east to west the Serai, the Takya and the Topkhana. Show Prices. The city is also the capital of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Iraq and is among the largest cities in that country. The city is surrounded by Nineveh from west and Kirkuk city from east and Iran and Turkey from North. It is remembered in Jewish traditions for the notable conversion of its Queen, Helena of Adiabene, to Judaism before she moved on to Jerusalem. Erbil was the birthplace of the famous 12th and 13th century Kurdish historians and writers Ibn Khallikan and Ibn al-Mustawfi. 1842. Co-located with the U.S. Consulate General is the USAID office serving the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Erbil was already an ancient city when Alexander the Great famously defeated the Persian king Darius III some 50 miles (80 km) northwest of it at the Battle of Gaugamela, also known as the Battle of Arbela (Erbil), in 331 bce. It is an extremely old settlement, which has a dramatic and winding history. Akre is rich in historical sites, such as temples, statues, and ancient buildings, and mineral springs can be found near the town. [16], The city's ancient name, known in the classical era as Arbela (Greek: Ἄρβηλα; translit. The Book Cafe Location : Erbil Dream City At Plaza 2 Now Opening Kurdistan Projects 2017 Project Name : Lana City Location : Erbil Kurdistan Projects ️ ️ ️ Now $139 (Was $̶1̶7̶4̶) on Tripadvisor: Erbil International Hotel, Iraq. Erbil became a part of the Musul Vilayet in Ottoman Empire for until World War I, when the Ottomans and their Kurdish and Turcoman allies were defeated by the British Empire. [29], Erbil lies on the plain beneath the mountains, but, for the most part, the inhabitants of Iraqi Kurdistan dwell up above in the rugged and rocky terrain that is the traditional habitat of the Kurds since time immemorial. … There are traces of early settled existence in the Erbil region as far back as the twenty-third century BC, but probably the first major population expansion took place when Cyaxares (625 - 585 BC), the first King of Media, settled some of the sagarthian tribes in what is today Erbil and Kirkuk. They plundered the lower town but had to retreat before an approaching Caliphate army and had to put off the capture of the citadel. The most notable Kurdish tribe in the region were the Hadhabani, of which several individuals also acted as governors for the city from the late 10th century until the 12th century when it was conquered by the Zengids and its governorship given to the Turkic Begtegenids, of whom the most notable was Gökböri, who retained the city during the Ayyubid era [31][32] Yaqut al-Hamawi further describes Erbil as being mostly Kurdish-populated in the 13th century.[33]. The town was built on the side of a mountain range by the Kurdish Prince Zand in 580 B.C. The Citadel of Erbil is a tell or occupied mound in the historical heart of Erbil, rising between 25 and 32 metres (82 and 105 ft) from the surrounding plain. Following the Muslim conquest of Persia, it no longer remained a unitary region, and during the Middle Ages, the city came to be ruled by the Seljuk and Ottoman empires.[11]. The infrastructure of the city and governorate of Erbil were largely ignored under Iraqi rule after World War I and suffered greatly during the Kurdish struggle against Saddam Hussein in the 1970s and later. Send money internationally, transfer money to friends and family, pay bills in person and more at a Western Union location in Erbil, Kurdistan Region. Pop. Erbil became an integral part of the kingdom of Assyria by the 21st century BC through to the end of the seventh century BC, after it was captured by the Gutians, and it was known in Assyrian annals variously as Urbilim, Arbela and Arba-ilu. Turkish business investments have led the construction frenzy, but other countries are also involved, including the United States, Lebanon, South Korea, Iran, Britain, France, and the United Arab Emirates. In the same year, all inhabitants, except one family, were evicted from the citadel as part of a large restoration project. This is where Erbil is located on the map. The American Village in Erbil, Kurdistan is strategically located in a country with lots of future potential. About Kurdistan City Constructed By Rostvale Company That is located Near Bahrka behind Ganjan City , Constructed in a good quality, It Consists Of 408 And 364 Apartments ,The project has school ,kindergarten , hospital , football field, police station and parks it also 24/7 electricity. Most businesspeople are merchants, buying and selling food and services connected mostly with the construction industry. Kurdistan projects erbil. [7], Human settlement at Erbil may be dated back to the 5th millennium BC, which would make the city one of the oldest continuously inhabited areas in the world. Erbil combines with Dahuk and Sulaymaniyah to form the area administrated by the Kurdistan Regional J. von Hammer-Purgstall. The origin of the name can be traced back to Sumerian writings as early as 2000 BC referring to Arbilum, Orbelum or Urbilum. A planned future hospital will also be close by giving residents required infrastructure for modern living. Iraq, 75, 1-42. doi:10.1017/S0021088900000401. P. 101-126. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWoods1977 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNováčekChabrFilipskýJaniček2008 (. Refered to as “Hawler” in Kurdish, Erbil is the capital of Kurdistan and is located … The buildings on top of the tell stretch over a roughly oval area of 430 by 340 metres (1,410 ft × 1,120 ft) occupying 102,000 square metres (1,100,000 sq ft). The earliest historical reference to the region dates to the Third Dynasty of Ur of Sumer, when King Shulgi mentioned the city of Urbilum. Other sights to visit in the citadel include the bathing rooms (hammam) built in 1775 located near the mosque and the Textile Museum. Erbil is located in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, and it is the capital of the region. It became one of the most important tourist landmarks in Iraq. The city is also the capital of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Iraq and is among the largest cities in that country. The Battle of Gaugamela, in which Alexander the Great defeated Darius III of Persia, took place in 331 BC approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Erbil. ERBIL, Iraq — At exactly 9:30 pm local time on Feb. 15, several rockets were launched on US coalition forces located inside Erbil’s international airport from the southern side of the city.. It lies a convenient 15km drive from Erbil international airport and next to the international school of Choueifat. Under the KRG much power is devolved, so officials at the governorate, district, and subdistrict levels have considerable authority to implement local projects and services. Erbil, capital of Erbil governorate, Iraq. It is located approximately in the center of the Iraqi Kurdistan region and north of Iraq. Updates? With more than 7,000 years of history and, today, a UNESCO World Heritage site, Erbil (or Hawler, as the locals call it) is the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan and a city that has played a very significant role in 21st-century history and the fight against the Islamic State. The city of Erbil is situated in the South of Iraqi Kurdistan. Nováček, K., Amin, N., & Melčák, M. (2013). Kurdish Flag in Erbil. …by modern settlements, such as Arbīl (ancient Arbela), some 200 miles north of Baghdad, or sites that are surmounted by shrines and tombs of holy men are closed to archaeological research.…, …and Urbilum, later Arbela (modern Irbīl, some 200 miles north of Baghdad).…, …but several towns, such as Arbela (modern Irbīl) and Nisibis (modern Nusaybin), later became important centres. It is equally religiously diverse, with believers of Sunni Islam, Shia Islam, Christianity, Yarsanism and Yazidism. The other significant museum in Erbil, the Erbil Civilization Museum, houses some artifacts discovered in the area. In 2007, the High Commission for Erbil Citadel Revitalization (HCECR) was established to oversee the restoration of the citadel. The new facility has one of the longest runways in the world, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) long, and has scheduled flights to several airports in the Middle East and Europe. Latitude and longitude coordinates are: 36.191113, 44.009167. The Medes, and with them the Sagarthians, were to revolt against Darius I of Persia in 522 BC, but this revolt was firmly put down by the army which Darius sent out under the leadership of General Takhmaspada the following year. “This hotel is located very close to Royal Mall (good for shopping with carrefour and for food with a food court). There are international flights from Erbil to many countries; such as the Netherlands, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Austria, Turkey, Jordan and many more flights elsewhere around the world. Masoud Barzani, president of the Kurdistan Regional Government, and Paul Wolfowitz, U.S. deputy secretary of defense, greeting children in Erbil, Iraq, 2004. [41]. Akre is rich in historical sites, such as temples, statues, and ancient buildings, and mineral springs can be found near the town. In the Spring of 1310, the Malek (governor) of the region attempted to seize it from them with the help of the Kurds. Cambridge University Press. [22] According to Classical authors, the Persian emperor Cyrus the Great occupied Assyria in 547 BC and established it as an Achaemenid satrapy called in Old Persian Aθurā (Athura), with Babylon as the capital.[23]. It lies 80 kilometres (50 miles) east of Mosul, and is the capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Erbil Main Square. From the city's Christian period come many church fathers and well-known authors in Syriac. Services include direct flights to many domestic destinations such as Baghdad international airport. The attack targeted the US coalition base in the northern Iraq city, killing a civilian contractor and injuring eight others.. The city was later conquered by the Assyrians.[9][10]. Centered around Erbil, the capital and economic hub for autonomous region of Kurdistan Region and its … Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. After Battle of Chaldiran in 1514 Erbil came under Soran emirate In 18th century Baban Emirate took the city but it was retaken by Soran ruler Mir Muhammed Kor in 1822 The Soran emirate continued ruling over Erbil until it was taken by the Ottomans in 1851. [53] The earliest evidence for occupation of the citadel mound dates to the 5th millennium BC and possibly earlier. Erbil’s main square is the best place in the city to go to just hang out and watch … Castle is the highest point in the city,where it approach 414m above sea level. The events are depicted in the Behistun Inscription which stands today in the mountains of Iran's Kermanshah province. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. A huge seated statue of Ibn al-Mustawfī (1169–1239), a famous Kurdish historian, sits at the citadel’s base. Services & Facilities At Erbil Oscar Hotel, we ensure to provide our guests with every desirable service and facility, to give them a memorable stay at Erbil city. In 2015, the Assyrian Church of the East moved its seat from Chicago to Erbil. There is no appreciable middle class, and many remain poor. The house of the citadel behind him are built into stony ground of the mound and look down on the streets and tarmacked roads that circle them. Languages: mainly Kurdish; Turkmani, Arabic, Armenian, and Assyrian in some areas. Other religious groups include Shīʿite Muslims, Assyrian and Chaldean Catholic Christians, Yazīdīs, and Kākāʾīs. It is one of the most ancient cities in the world, dating back at least to 2300 bce. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 'Erbil Citadel' Brochure, High Commission for Erbil Citadel Revitalization (HCECR). Its populace then gradually converted from the Mesopotamian religion between the 1st and 4th centuries to Christianity—primarily the Chaldean Catholic Church (and to a lesser degree to the Syriac Orthodox Church), with Pkidha traditionally becoming its first bishop around 104 AD. [12] The city was designated as Arab Tourism Capital 2014 by the Arab Council of Tourism. Following the Muslim conquest of Persia, the Sasanid province of Assuristan, of which Erbil made part of, was dissolved, and from the mid 7th century AD the region saw a gradual influx of Muslim peoples, predominantly Arabs, Kurds and Turkic peoples. Erbil, also spelled Arbil, locally called Hewlêr by the Kurds, is the capital city of Iraqi Kurdistan and the most populated city in the Kurdish inhabited areas of Iraq. [45][46], Another important form of transportation between Erbil and the surrounding areas is by bus. It is the capital of Kurdistan Region and the second capital of the Federal of Iraq after Baghdad. [13][14] In July 2014, the Citadel of Arbil was inscribed as a World Heritage site. 21 reviews. Studies in Caucasian History III, Prehistory of Saladin. During the Middle Ages, Erbil became a major trading center on the route between Baghdad and Mosul, a role which it still plays today with important road links to the outside world. During the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, a United States special forces task force was headquartered just outside Erbil. Erbil - the name most used internationally for the ancient city that serves as today's capital of Kurdistan Province - is often referred to by the phonetic equivalents of Arbil or Erbil, as well as Arbela. [26] During the Parthian era to early Sassanid era, Erbil became the capital of the Ashkenazi-Riphathean[24][25] state of Adiabene. Operations shifted to a newly constructed airport in 2010. The Erbil Citadel dates back thousands of years, to the first settlers of Erbil.Over the millenia, the Erbil Citadel has taken shape, each generation building new structures on top of those of the previous generation. [6] It has around 1.5 million inhabitants,[2] while Erbil Governorate has 2,932,800 inhabitants as of 2020[update]. In 2020, it was estimated that 450,000 refugees had settled in the Erbil metropolitan area since 2003, with many of them expected to remain.[42]. [43] Responsibility was claimed by the Ansar al-Sunnah. Officially recognized with the introduction of its constitution which was adopted in 2005, the autonomous region of Iraqi Kurdistan, located in the northeast of Iraq is comprised of four governorates of Dohuk (Dihok), Erbil (Hewlêr), Halabja (Helebce) and Sulaymaniyah (Silêmanî). Erbil Football Team Wins 3 Iraqi nation league and reached the AFC Final twice, but lost both times. The main gate is guarded by an immense statue of a Kurd reading. An impressive textile museum containing a collection of old handmade carpets from Iraqi Kurdistan is located in the citadel. The Erbil Plain Archaeological Survey. Erbil has long been an important trade centre, with roads south to Arab Iraq and abroad to Turkey, Iran, and Syria. The region in which Erbil lies was largely under Sumerian domination from c. 3000 BC, until the rise of the Akkadian Empire (2335–2154 BC) which united all of the Akkadian Semites and Sumerians of Mesopotamia under one rule. As an oil-based rentier economy preparing to diversify into a business and tourist destination, Erbil has garnered comparisons to Dubai. On its western edge the city also boasts the impressive Muẓaffariyyah Minaret (Kurdish Choly Minara), constructed in 1190–1232 and reaching a height of 120 feet (36 metres). That is because of the ancient establishment of the city (The city was established in 2300 BC by the Sumerians). Subsequently, Arbela was part of Alexander's Empire. Geography of Erbil The city of Erbil is situated in the South of Iraqi Kurdistan. After the battle, Darius managed to flee to the city. [12] During the Sassanian period and the Abbasid Caliphate, Erbil was an important centre for Assyrian Christianity and the Assyrians. Among others, bus services offer connections to Turkey and Iran. Erbil is the birthplace of Ibn Khallikān (1211–82), the Muslim jurist famous as the compiler of a great biographical dictionary of Arab scholars, and, in modern times, İhsan Doğramacı (1915–2010), a famous Turkish physician and educational administrator, and Abdulla Pashew (born 1946), an eminent Kurdish poet. In the past there also was an important Jewish presence in Erbil, the last remnants of which departed after the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. Geschichte der Ilchane, das ist der Mongolen in Persien, Volume 1. It is far north of Baghdad but just 55 miles from ISIS-controlled Mosul. Shafaq News / Kurdistan’s Ministry of Interior confirmed, on Wednesday, that the attack that targeted Erbil International Airport was carried out with a … Author of. Erbil Erbil is the capital and largest city in Iraqi Kurdistan, and the fourth-largest city in Iraq.It is one of the oldest continually-inhabited sites of human civilization, and is also a rapidly-growing and urbanizing center for the oil industry and NGOs in the Middle East. Swimming pools, tennis courts, bowling alleys, a water park, an ice-skating rink, a climbing wall, and a track for go-karts can be found in the city. An excavation in 1996 found tools from the, This page was last edited on 23 April 2021, at 05:25. In contrast to the horrific violence in Arab Iraq that followed the U.S.-led invasion in 2003 (see Iraq War), Erbil and the rest of the region administered by the Kurdish Regional Government have largely been spared. Vanquished, Darius managed to flee to Erbil, which is why the battle is still sometimes referred to - rather inaccurately - as the Battle of Erbil. ERBIL (Kurdistan 24) – Security forces have located the launch site of Monday night’s rocket attacks on the Kurdistan Region’s capital Erbil, the interior ministry announced, saying investigations are continuing. Under the Median Empire, Cyaxares might have settled a number of people from the Ancient Iranian tribe of Sagartians in the Assyrian cities of Arbela and Arrapha (modern Kirkuk), probably as a reward for their help in the capture of Nineveh. During the coalition forces occupation of Iraq, sporadic attacks hit Erbil. Kurdistan covers 50,000Km2 – four times the area of Lebanon and larger than the Netherlands. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFVillard2001 (, 'Directorate Antiquities of Erbil's Guide' Brochure produced by General Directorate of Antiquities, KRG, Ministry of Tourism. Castle is the highest point in … Erbil has a primary and secondary education system modeled on that of the British. Saddam’s defeat at the end of the Persian Gulf War (1990–91) led to the establishment of the autonomous Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) in northern Iraq. Geographical Data: Erbil city is located east to Sulaymanyah Governorate and it is only 350 km from Baghdad. Located 350 kilometers north of Baghdad, the capital city of the Republic of Iraq, the city is in transition from a small town to a growing center for … Banking services have been established and a stock exchange is under development. EU Delegation - Erbil Liaison Office Level of official Representations:EU Delegation – Erbil Liaison Office Office Head: Mr Vincent Guillaume Poupeau Official Rank: Head of Office Phone number: + 9647834468423 Email: Snawber.ABDULLAH@eeas.europa.eu Address/Location: ParkView-B5,8th F,Apt.32, Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq Photo: jan kurdistani, CC BY-SA 2.0. Early Christianity was also to flourish in Erbil with a bishop established in the town as early as AD 100 with a community of followers thought to be converts from Judaism. Iran’s government Tuesday denied involvement in Monday night's rocket strike that killed one person and injured nine in Erbil in Iraqi Kurdistan. [54] Erbil citadel has been inscribed on the World Heritage List on 21 June 2014 . As many of the Assyrians who had converted to Christianity adopted Biblical (including Jewish) names, most of the early bishops had Eastern Aramaic or Jewish/Biblical names, which does not suggest that many of the early Christians in this city were converts from Judaism. Erbil is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, dating back to 6,000 years B.C. Located in the middle of Kurdistan. It has hot and dry days in the summer with temperatures reaching about 100 °F (40 °C) but cools off pleasantly in the evenings. Erbil’s main industry is the construction of roads and buildings, propped up by foreign oil companies contracted to drill oil in Kurdistan. The only religious structure that currently survives in the citadel is the Mulla Afandi Mosque. In February 2021, a series of missiles hit the city killing 2 and injuring 8 people. From 1994–98 the city also suffered from internecine fighting between the two main Kurdish parties, Masoud Barzani’s Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and Jalal Talabani’s Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). During the 20th century, the urban structure was significantly modified, as a result of which a number of houses and public buildings were destroyed. In the Kurdish, the city is still referred to as Hewlêr, linked perhaps to the Greek helios (Sun) and denoting a sun temple,[citation needed] in recognition of the early Zoroastrian worship of fire and sun. The city was an early centre of Christianity, and a small number of Christians still live there and in such nearby wealthy subdistricts as Ankawa (Arabic: ʿAyn Kāwah). Erbil’s famous citadel, designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2014, covers more than 1.1 million square feet (100,000 square metres) and sits some 100 feet (30 metres) above its immediate surroundings. Arbēla), can be traced back to Old Persian Arbairā and ultimately Assyrian Arbailu. 208 pp. The Muslims conquered Erbil in the 7th century, but it was not until Erbil was razed by the Turkic conqueror Timur (Tamerlane) in the late 14th century that it became largely Muslim. Corrections? The Serai was occupied by notable families; the Takya district was named after the homes of dervishes, which are called takyas; and the Topkhana district housed craftsmen and farmers. There are occasionally seasonal flights from Erbil international airport. The Kurdish government in Erbil had control only in the western and northern parts of the autonomous region. V. Minorsky. With the population of approximately 1.3 million in 2009, it is the fourth largest city in Iraq after Baghdad, Basra and Mosul. It has been claimed that the site is the oldest continuously inhabited town in the world. KDP claimed that on March 1996 PUK asked for Iran's help to fight KDP. Urban life in Erbil can be dated back to at least 6000 BC and it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Erbil possesses a semiarid climate with low humidity in summer and moderate humidity in winter. Over the millennia, Erbil has been ruled by such empires as those of the Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medians, and Achaemenids and later the Sassanid Persians, Greeks, Parthians, Arabs, and Ottomans. 60 Meter Street | Near to Jalil Al Khayat Mosque, Erbil 99999, Iraq. Public schools are badly overcrowded, and many students can only attend three hours per day. In the desert region, “caravan cities” such as Hatra and Palmyra began their rise in the Seleucid period and had their heyday under the Parthians.…. [17][18][19], The region in which Erbil lies was largely under Sumerian domination from c. 3000 BC, until the rise of the Akkadian Empire (2335–2154 BC) which united all of the Akkadian Semites and Sumerians of Mesopotamia under one rule. Some 14 rockets landed in and around the base, located at the city’s international airport, on Monday night, the US-led coalition said. West of the citadel at Ary Kon quarter, a chamber tomb dating to the Neo-Assyrian Empire period has been excavated. Considering this as a foreign attack on Iraq's soil, the KDP asked Saddam Hussein for help. It is the capital city in the Kurdistan Region, and one of the most ancient cities on earth. Consulate General Erbil is located in the Ankawa suburb of Erbil, on the Erbil Road next to the Police Station and opposite the Chaldean Cultural Center.

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